Pubspec Format

Every pub package needs some metadata so it can specify its dependencies. Pub packages that are shared with others also need to provide some other information so users can discover them. All of this metadata goes in the package’s pubspec: a file named pubspec.yaml that’s written in the YAML language.

Supported fields

A pubspec can have the following fields:

name: Required for every package. Learn more.
version: Required for packages that are hosted on the Pub site. Learn more.
description: Required for packages that are hosted on the Pub site. Learn more.
author or authors: Optional. Learn more.
homepage: Optional. URL pointing to the package’s homepage (or source code repository). Learn more.
repository: Optional. URL pointing to the package’s source code repository. Learn more.
issue_tracker: Optional. URL pointing to an issue tracker for the package. Learn more.
documentation: Optional. Can be used to automatically create documentation. Learn more.
dependencies: Can be omitted if your package has no dependencies. Learn more.
dev_dependencies: Can be omitted if your package has no dev dependencies. Learn more.
dependency_overrides: Can be omitted if you do not need to override any dependencies. Learn more.
environment: Required as of Dart 2. Learn more.
executables: Optional. Used to put a package’s executables on your PATH. Learn more.
publish_to: Optional. Specify where to publish a package. Learn more.

Pub ignores all other fields.

Example

A simple but complete pubspec looks something like the following:

name: newtify
version: 1.2.3
description: >-
  Have you been turned into a newt?  Would you like to be?
  This package can help. It has all of the
  newt-transmogrification functionality you have been looking
  for.
author: Natalie Weizenbaum <[email protected]>
homepage: https://example-pet-store.com/newtify
documentation: https://example-pet-store.com/newtify/docs
environment:
  sdk: '>=2.0.0 <3.0.0'
dependencies:
  efts: ^2.0.4
  transmogrify: ^0.4.0
dev_dependencies:
  test: '>=0.6.0 <0.12.0'

Details

This section has more information about most of the pubspec fields.

Name

Every package needs a name. It’s how other packages refer to yours, and how it appears to the world, should you publish it.

The name should be all lowercase, with underscores to separate words, just_like_this. Use only basic Latin letters and Arabic digits: [a-z0-9_]. Also, make sure the name is a valid Dart identifier—that it doesn’t start with digits and isn’t a reserved word.

Try to pick a name that is clear, terse, and not already in use. A quick search of packages on the Pub site to make sure that nothing else is using your name is recommended.

Version

Every package has a version. A version number is required to host your package on the Pub site, but can be omitted for local-only packages. If you omit it, your package is implicitly versioned 0.0.0.

Versioning is necessary for reusing code while letting it evolve quickly. A version number is three numbers separated by dots, like 0.2.43. It can also optionally have a build (+hotfix.oopsie) or pre-release (-alpha.12) suffix.

Each time you publish your package, you publish it at a specific version. Once that’s been done, consider it hermetically sealed: you can’t touch it anymore. To make more changes, you’ll need a new version.

When you select a version, follow semantic versioning.

Description

This is optional for your own personal packages, but if you intend to publish your package you must provide a description. This should be relatively short—a few sentences, maybe a whole paragraph—and tells a casual reader what they might want to know about your package.

Think of the description as the sales pitch for your package. Users see it when they browse for packages. It should be simple plain text: no markdown or HTML. That’s what your README is for.

Author/Authors

You’re encouraged to use these fields to describe the author(s) of your package and provide contact information. author should be used if your package has a single author, while authors should be used with a YAML list if more than one person wrote the package. Each author can either be a single name (Natalie Weizenbaum) or a name and an email address (Natalie Weizenbaum <[email protected]>). For example:

authors:
- Natalie Weizenbaum <[email protected]>
- Bob Nystrom <[email protected]>

If anyone uploads your package to the Pub site, your email address is public.

Homepage

This should be a URL pointing to the website for your package. For hosted packages, this URL is linked from the package’s page. While providing a homepage is optional, please provide it or repository (or both). It helps users understand where your package is coming from.

Repository

The optional repository field should contain the URL for your package’s source code repository — for example, https://github.com/<user>/<repository>. If you publish your package to the Pub site, then your package’s page displays the repository URL. While providing a repository is optional, please provide it or homepage (or both). It helps users understand where your package is coming from.

Issue tracker

The optional issue_tracker field should contain a URL for the package’s issue tracker, where existing bugs can be viewed and new bugs can be filed. The Pub site attempts to display a link to each package’s issue tracker, using the value of this field. If issue_tracker is missing but repository is present and points to GitHub, then the Pub site uses the default issue tracker (https://github.com/<user>/<repository>/issues).

Documentation

Some packages may have a site that hosts documentation separate from the main homepage. If your package has that, you can also add a documentation: field with that URL. If provided, a link to it is shown on your package’s page.

If you specify the documentation: field with a blank value, documentation is created automatically for you, and is linked to from the Pub site.

Dependencies

Dependencies are the pubspec’s raison d’être. In this section you list each package that your package needs in order to work.

Dependencies fall into one of two types. Regular dependencies are listed under dependencies:—these are packages that anyone using your package will also need. Dependencies that are only needed in the development phase of the package itself are listed under dev_dependencies.

During the development process, you might need to temporarily override a dependency. You can do so using dependency_overrides.

For more information, see Pub Dependencies.

Executables

A package may expose one or more of its scripts as executables that can be run directly from the command line. To make a script publicly available, list it under the executables field. Entries are listed as key/value pairs:

<name-of-executable>: <Dart-script-from-bin>

For example, the following pubspec entry lists two scripts:

executables:
  polymer-new-element: new_element
  useful-script:

Once the package is activated using pub global activate, typing polymer-new-element executes bin/new_element.dart. Typing useful-script executes bin/useful-script.dart. If you don’t specify the value, it is inferred from the key.

For more information, see pub global.

Publish_to

The default uses the Pub site. Specify none to prevent a package from being published. This setting can be used to specify a custom pub package server to publish.

publish_to: none

SDK constraints

A package can indicate which versions of its dependencies it supports, but packages have another implicit dependency: the Dart platform itself. The Dart platform evolves over time, and a package might only work with certain versions of the platform.

A package can specify those versions using an SDK constraint. This constraint goes inside a separate top-level environment field in the pubspec and uses the same version constraint syntax as dependencies.

For example, the following constraint says that this package works with any Dart 2 SDK that’s version 2.0.0 or higher:

environment:
  sdk: '>=2.0.0 <3.0.0'

Pub tries to find the latest version of a package whose SDK constraint works with the version of the Dart SDK that you have installed.

Flutter SDK constraints

As of Dart 1.19.0, pub supports Flutter SDK constraints under the environment: field:

environment:
  sdk: '>=1.19.0 <3.0.0'
  flutter: ^0.1.2

A Flutter SDK constraint is satisfied only if pub is running in the context of the flutter executable, and the Flutter SDK’s version file matches the given version constraint. Otherwise, the package will not be selected.

To publish a package with a Flutter SDK constraint, you must specify a Dart SDK constraint with a minimum version of at least 1.19.0, to ensure that older versions of pub won’t accidentally install packages that need Flutter.

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